Compare Seychelles (2002) - British Indian Ocean Territory (2002)

Compare Seychelles (2002) z British Indian Ocean Territory (2002)

	Seychelles (2002)	British Indian Ocean Territory (2002)

Administrative divisions	23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe), Grand' Anse (on Praslin), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 27.8% (male 11,238; female 11,002) 15-64 years: 66% (male 25,763; female 27,086) 65 years and over: 6.2% (male 1,667; female 3,342) (2002 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), bananas; broiler chickens; tuna fish	-
Airports	14 (2001)	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 4 (2002)	-
Area	total: 455 sq km land: 455 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 60 sq km land: 60 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago
Area - comparative	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993.	Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order which had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.
Birth rate	17.27 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $249 million expenditures: $262 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) (1998 est.)	-
Capital	Victoria	-
Climate	tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)	tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline	491 km	698 km
Constitution	18 June 1993	-
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles conventional short form: Seychelles	conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT
Currency	Seychelles rupee (SCR)	-
Death rate	6.57 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Debt - external	$240 million (1999 est.)	-
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Seychelles; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to the Seychelles	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Claude Sylvestre MOREL chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 972-1785 FAX: [1] (212) 972-1786	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; repatriation is complicated by the US military lease of Diego Garcia, the largest island in the chain
Economic aid - recipient	$16.4 million (1995) (1995)	-
Economy - overview	Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. The vulnerability of the tourist sector was illustrated by the sharp drop in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war and once again following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the US. Other issues facing the government are the curbing of the budget deficit, including the containment of social welfare costs, and further privatization of public enterprises. Growth slowed in 1998-2001, due to sluggish tourist and tuna sectors. Also, tight controls on exchange rates and the scarcity of foreign exchange have impaired short-term economic prospects. The black market value of the Seychelles rupee is half the official exchange rate; without a devaluation of the currency the tourist sector should remain sluggish as vacationers seek cheaper destinations such as Comoros, Mauritius, and Madagascar.	All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing.
Electricity - consumption	148.8 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	160 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne Seychellois 905 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
Environment - current issues	water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol	-
Ethnic groups	mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab	-
Exchange rates	Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 5.7458 (January 2002), 5.8575 (2001), 5.7138 (2000), 5.3426 (1999), 5.2622 (1998), 5.0263 (1997)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 31 August-2 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: France Albert RENE reelected president; percent of vote - France Albert RENE (SPPF) 54.19%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (UO) 44.95%, Philippe BOULLE 0.86%; note - the first time that presidential elections have been held separately from legislative elections	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Alan HUCKLE (since 2001); Administrator Louise SAVILL (since NA); note - both reside in the UK cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
Exports	$182.6 million f.o.b. (2001)	-
Exports - commodities	canned tuna, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)	-
Exports - partners	UK 48.1%, Italy 23.1%, France 14.8%, Netherlands 2.7% (1999)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side	white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $605 million (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 3% industry: 26% services: 71% (1999) (1999)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $7,600 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	1.5% (2001 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	4 35 S, 55 40 E	6 00 S, 71 30 E
Geography - note	40 granitic and about 50 coralline islands	archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility
Highways	total: 280 km paved: 176 km unpaved: 104 km (1997)	total: NA km paved: short stretch of paved road of NA km between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	$360.2 million f.o.b. (2001)	-
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals	-
Imports - partners	Italy 13.3%, South Africa 10.7%, France 9.9%, UK 8.0%, Singapore 7.7% (1999)	-
Independence	29 June 1976 (from UK)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	fishing; tourism; processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages	-
Infant mortality rate	16.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	6.1% (2001 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president	-
Labor force	30,900 (1996) (1996)	-
Labor force - by occupation	industry 19%, services 71%, agriculture 10% (1989) (1989)	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 2.22% permanent crops: 13.33% other: 84.45% (1998 est.)	arable land: NEGL permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), French (official), Creole	-
Legal system	based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats - 25 elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least 10% of the vote; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 4-6 December 2002 (next held by 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - SPPF 54.3%, SNP 42.6%, DP 3.1%; seats by party - SPPF 23, SNP 11 note: the 9 awarded seats are apportioned according to the percentage that each party won of the total vote	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.97 years male: 65.48 years female: 76.63 years (2002 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 58% male: 56% female: 60% (1971 est.)	-
Location	Eastern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar	Southern Asia, archipelago in the Indian Ocean, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
Map references	Africa	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine	total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,086 GRT/10,192 DWT ships by type: cargo 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: South Africa 2 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
Military branches	Army, Coast Guard (includes Air Wing), Presidential Protection Unit (includes Presidential Guard), Police Force (includes Police Mobile Unit, a special weapons and tactics unit capable of assisting the Army in maintaining internal stability)	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$11 million (FY01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.8% (FY01)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 23,210 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 11,554 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Constitution Day (National Day), 18 June (1993)	-
Nationality	noun: Seychellois (singular and plural) adjective: Seychellois	-
Natural hazards	lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible	NA
Natural resources	fish, copra, cinnamon trees	coconuts, fish, sugarcane
Net migration rate	-5.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM]; Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition or UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE] - the governing party	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	Roman Catholic Church; trade unions	-
Population	80,098 (July 2002 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles around the time of the construction of UK-US military facilities; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	0.47% (2002 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Victoria	Diego Garcia
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	42,000 (1997)	NA
Railways	0 km (2003)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 86.6%, Anglican 6.8%, other Christian 2.5%, other 4.1%	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.5 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	17 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: effective system domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago international: direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	19,635 (1997)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	16,316 (1999)	-
Television broadcast stations	2 (plus 9 repeaters) (1997)	1 (1997)
Terrain	Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs	flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)
Total fertility rate	1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	NA%	-
Waterways	none	none

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